27. Python Runtime Services

The modules described in this chapter provide a wide range of services related to the Python interpreter and its interaction with its environment. Here’s an overview:

• 27.1. sys — System-specific parameters and functions
• 27.2. builtins — Built-in objects
• 27.3. __main__ — Top-level script environment
• 27.4. warnings — Warning control
  • 27.4.1. Warning Categories
  • 27.4.2. The Warnings Filter
    • 27.4.2.1. Default Warning Filters
  • 27.4.3. Temporarily Suppressing Warnings
  • 27.4.4. Testing Warnings
  • 27.4.5. Available Functions
  • 27.4.6. Available Context Managers
• 27.5. contextlib — Utilities for with-statement contexts
• 27.6. abc — Abstract Base Classes
• 27.7. atexit — Exit handlers
  • 27.7.1. atexit Example
• 27.8. traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback
  • 27.8.1. Traceback Examples
• 27.9. __future__ — Future statement definitions
• 27.10. gc — Garbage Collector interface
• 27.11. inspect — Inspect live objects
  • 27.11.1. Types and members
  • 27.11.2. Retrieving source code
  • 27.11.3. Classes and functions
  • 27.11.4. The interpreter stack
• 27.12. site — Site-specific configuration hook
• 27.13. fpectl — Floating point exception control
  • 27.13.1. Example
  • 27.13.2. Limitations and other considerations