Nix and NixOS Tools

This category covers Nix package management tools and NixOS system management tools.

軟體包管理

Nix

NixOS 提供了一套用於建置、安裝與管理軟體包的工具。

Verified Usage

nix-build

nix-build builds Nix derivations and produces outputs in the Nix store. It is the preferred way to build software reproducibly.

# 第 1 步：建立乾淨的工作空間
rm -rf /tmp/nix-hello-c && mkdir -p /tmp/nix-hello-c && cd /tmp/nix-hello-c

# 第 2 步：編寫 C 程式
cat > hello.c <<'EOF'
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
    puts("Hello, World!");
    return 0;
}
EOF

# Step 3: Write a default.nix
cat > default.nix <<'EOF'
{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:

pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
  pname = "hello-c";
  version = "0.1.0";
  src = ./.;

  dontConfigure = true;

  buildPhase = ''
    cc hello.c -o hello
  '';

  installPhase = ''
    mkdir -p $out/bin
    install -m755 hello $out/bin/hello
  '';
}
EOF

# Step 4: Build and run
nix-build
./result/bin/hello

nix-env

nix-env 會安裝或移除您的使用者設定檔中的個別軟體包。

# 安裝 `hello` 軟體包
nix-env -iA nixos.hello

# 移除 `hello` 軟體包
nix-env -e hello

nix-shell

nix-shell creates a temporary development environment with the specified dependencies. This is useful for testing software without modifying your system environment.

# Enter a shell with the `hello` package available
nix-shell -p hello

NixOS System Management

nixos-rebuild

nixos-rebuild manages the entire system configuration declaratively. It applies changes defined in configuration.nix, and is the recommended approach for installing packages system-wide.

Verified Usage

# 編輯系統組態檔
vim /etc/nixos/configuration.nix

# Apply configuration changes and rebuild the system without rebooting
nixos-rebuild test