Development Tools
This category covers programming language runtimes, version control, build tools, editors, and debugging utilities.
Programming Language Runtimes
Clang
Clang is a C language family frontend for the LLVM compiler.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.clang ];
已验证的使用情况
# Generate LLVM IR instead of native code
clang -S -emit-llvm hello.c -o hello.ll
# Show included headers
clang -H -c hello.c -o /dev/null
# Compile with optimization
clang -O2 hello.c -o hello
GCC
GCC is the GNU Compiler Collection.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.gcc ];
已验证的使用情况
# Create object file only
gcc -c source.c
# Compile with output name
gcc -o program source.c
# Compile with debug information
gcc -g source.c -o program
# Link object files
gcc file1.o file2.o -o program
Go
Go is an open source programming language designed for simplicity and reliability.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.go ];
已验证的使用情况
# Initialize new Go module
go mod init module-name
# Build Go program
go build main.go
# Run Go program
go run main.go
# Format source
go fmt main.go
# Clean build artifacts
go clean
Lua
Lua is a powerful, efficient, lightweight, embeddable scripting language.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.lua ];
已验证的使用情况
# Execute Lua script
lua script.lua
# Run Lua code directly
lua -e "print('Hello World')"
Node.js
Node.js is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome’s V8 engine.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.nodejs ];
已验证的使用情况
# Run Node.js script
node script.js
# Run Node.js code directly
node -e "console.log('Hello World')"
Octave
GNU Octave is a high-level language for numerical computations.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.octave ];
已验证的使用情况
# Execute Octave script
octave script.m
# Run Octave code directly
octave --eval "disp('Hello World')"
# Matrix operations
octave --eval "[1 2; 3 4] * [5; 6]"
# Statistical calculations
octave --eval "mean([1 2 3 4 5])"
OpenJDK
OpenJDK is a free and open-source implementation of the Java Platform.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.openjdk ];
已验证的使用情况
# Compile Java source file
javac HelloWorld.java
# Run Java program
java HelloWorld
Perl
Perl is a highly capable, feature-rich programming language.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.perl ];
已验证的使用情况
# Execute Perl script
perl script.pl
# Run Perl code directly
perl -e 'print "Hello World"'
PHP
PHP is a popular general-purpose scripting language for web development.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.php ];
已验证的使用情况
# Execute PHP script
php script.php
# Run PHP code directly
php -r "echo 'Hello World';"
Python3
Python is a high-level programming language.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.python3 ];
已验证的使用情况
# Execute Python script
python3 script.py
# Run Python code directly
python3 -c "print('Hello World')"
Ruby
Ruby is a dynamic, open source programming language.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.ruby ];
已验证的使用情况
# Execute Ruby script
ruby script.rb
# Run Ruby code directly
ruby -e "puts 'Hello World'"
Rust
Rust is a language empowering everyone to build reliable and efficient software.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.rustc ];
已验证的使用情况
# Compile Rust source code
rustc hello_world.rs
Version Control
Git
Git is a distributed version control system.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.git ];
已验证的使用情况
# Clone existing repository
git clone https://github.com/user/repo.git
# Check repository status
git status
# View commit history
git log
# Create and switch to new branch
git checkout -b new-feature
# View differences
git diff
# Add files to staging area
git add file.txt
# Commit changes
git commit -m "Commit message"
# Push changes to remote
git push origin main
Build Tools
Cargo
Cargo is the Rust package manager and build system.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.cargo ];
已验证的使用情况
# Create new Rust project
cargo new my_project
# Fast compilation check
cargo check
# Build project
cargo build
# Run project
cargo run
# Test project
cargo test
CMake
CMake is a cross-platform build system generator.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.cmake ];
已验证的使用情况
# Generate build files
cmake .
# Build project
cmake --build .
# Clean build
cmake --build . --target clean
Make
Make automates build processes.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.gnumake ];
已验证的使用情况
# Run make with specific target
make target_name
# Run make with specific Makefile
make -f Makefile.custom
Meson
Meson is a fast and user-friendly build system.
安装
environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
(python3.withPackages (p: [ p.meson ]))
meson
ninja
];
已验证的使用情况
# Initialize project
meson setup builddir
# Build project
meson compile -C builddir
# Run output from build directory
./builddir/hello
Ninja
Ninja is a small, fast build system focused on speed.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.ninja ];
已验证的使用情况
# Build in an existing build directory
ninja -C build
# List available targets
ninja -C build -t targets
Editors & IDEs
Emacs
GNU Emacs is a customizable, extensible text editor.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.emacs ];
已验证的使用情况
# Open file in Emacs (terminal)
emacs file.txt
# Basic navigation (C = Ctrl, M = Alt/Esc):
# C-f - Move forward (right)
# C-b - Move backward (left)
# C-n - Next line (down)
# C-p - Previous line (up)
# C-a - Beginning of line
# C-e - End of line
# M-f - Forward one word
# M-b - Backward one word
# M-< - Beginning of buffer
# M-> - End of buffer
# M-g g - Go to line (prompt for line number)
# Editing:
# C-d - Delete character under cursor
# DEL (Backspace) - Delete character before cursor
# M-d - Delete word forward
# C-k - Kill (cut) to end of line
# C-y - Yank (paste)
# C-space - Start selection (set mark)
# C-w - Cut selected region
# M-w - Copy selected region
# Saving and quitting:
# C-x C-s - Save current buffer
# C-x C-w - Save as (prompt for filename)
# C-x C-c - Save modified buffers and exit Emacs
# C-g - Cancel current command/prompt
Nano
Nano is a simple, user-friendly terminal-based text editor.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.nano ];
已验证的使用情况
# Open file in nano
nano file.txt
# Basic navigation:
# Ctrl+K - Cut line
# Ctrl+U - Paste line
# Ctrl+6 - Mark text (start selection)
# Ctrl+W - Search text
# Ctrl+\ - Search and replace
# Ctrl+G - Show help
# Ctrl+C - Show cursor position
# Ctrl+_ - Go to line
# File operations:
# Ctrl+O - Write file (save)
# Ctrl+X - Exit nano
# Ctrl+R - Read file (insert file)
# Ctrl+T - Run spell checker
# Ctrl+J - Justify paragraph
Neovim
Neovim is a hyperextensible Vim-based text editor.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.neovim ];
已验证的使用情况
# Open file in neovim
nvim file.txt
Vim
Vim is a highly configurable text editor for efficient text editing.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.vim ];
已验证的使用情况
# Open file in vim
vim file.txt
# Basic navigation (in normal mode):
# h,j,k,l - Move left, down, up, right
# w,W - Move to next word
# b,B - Move to previous word
# 0 - Move to beginning of line
# $ - Move to end of line
# gg - Go to first line
# G - Go to last line
# :10 - Go to line 10
# Editing modes:
# i - Insert mode before cursor
# a - Insert mode after cursor
# o - Open new line below
# O - Open new line above
# Esc - Return to normal mode
# Saving and quitting:
# :w - Save file
# :q - Quit
# :wq or :x - Save and quit
# :q! - Quit without saving
# ZZ - Save and quit
Other Utilities
Hugo
Hugo is a fast static site generator.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.hugo ];
已验证的使用情况
# Create a new site
hugo new site my-site
# Start a local server
hugo server
Direnv
Direnv loads and unloads environment variables based on the current directory.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.direnv ];
已验证的使用情况
# Allow a new .envrc
direnv allow
# Show directory environment
direnv status
ShellCheck
ShellCheck is a static analysis tool for shell scripts.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.shellcheck ];
已验证的使用情况
# Analyze a shell script
shellcheck script.sh
jq
jq is a command-line JSON processor.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.jq ];
已验证的使用情况
# Pretty-print JSON
jq '.' data.json
# Extract a field
jq -r '.items[0].name' data.json
yq
yq is a command-line YAML processor.
安装
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.yq-go ];
已验证的使用情况
# Read a field from YAML
yq '.spec.replicas' deployment.yaml
# Update a field in place
yq -i '.spec.replicas = 3' deployment.yaml